Who was Nelson Mandela and how did his life experience help to end Apartheid?

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Research Question: Who was Nelson Mandela and how did his life experience help to end Apartheid?

Thesis: Nelson Mandela’s life experience was important in brining about the end of Apartheid because of his educated youth, his work against the governments oppression, and his imprisonment and  presidency that followed.

• Topic Sentence #1: Nelson Mandela was educated during and effected by Apartheid because he was adopted by a wealthy chief, he was expelled from a major university and finished an education in law.
• Topic Sentence #2: Nelson Mandela worked against Apartheid when he worked with the A.N.C. (African National Congress), when he founded Umkhonto, and up until he was arrested.

• Topic Sentence #3: Nelson Mandela’s imprisonment and then his presidency became a symbol first when he was in jail, then when he showed his strength upon his release, and then when he proved himself as a leader during his work in politics.
• Works CitedAdmin. “Rest in Paradise Nelson Mandela.” fire4hire. 6 Dec. 2013. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.All we got is love. “Nelson Mandela.” All we got is love. 18 June 2013. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.Bio, ed. “Nelson Mandela.” Biography. A&E Television Networks, 2015. Web. 29 Mar. 2015.

  “Mandela, Nelson.” Prejudice in the Modern World Reference Library. 7th ed. Vol. 3. Detroit: Cengage Learning, 2007. N. pag. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.

  Middleton, John, ed. Africa: An Encyclopedia for Students. 7th ed. Vol. 3. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2002. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.

  “Nelson Mandela.” Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

  “Nelson Mandela on Robben Island.” Gallery Hip. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

  Panait, Laurentiu. “Testamentul lui Nelson Mandela va fi dezv?luit luni.” Obiective. 3 Feb. 2014. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

  Reuters. “Mandela-president: a speech in the parliament building in Cape Town (1997).” Lidovky. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

  “Tämän esikatselun koko.” Wikipedea. 2008. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

  Vandenburg, Anabel. “Nelson Mandela.” Haiku Deck. Giant Thinkwell, 2015. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

  “What We Can All Learn from Nelson Mandela.” #BeLimmetless. 18 Feb. 2014. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

What have been the cost and benefits to increased female representation in Rwanda’s government?

Research Question: What have been the cost and benefits to increased female representation in Rwanda’s government?

Thesis: Newly found women leadership has been over-all good to the country of Rwanda even though the path has not been easy and there remains to be challenges, there are still many benefits.

• Topic Sentence #1: The path to women having a political voice in Rwanda was fought with genocide, despair and opportunity.

• Topic Sentence #2: Benefits to women leading Rwanda are a raised GDP, a longer life expectancy and gender equality in employment and ownership.

• Topic Sentence #3: The women leading Rwanda face many challenges such as lack of support from the male population, physical violence and less people working on farms to grow food for the community.

Works Cited

Blumenkrantz, David. “Genocide II.” Flickr. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Rwandan genocide aftermath.” Flickr. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

Brewer, Jake. “Never Again.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

Cisco image. “Mr. Bright Eyes.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “You Get Me.” Flickr. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

Cohn, Adam. “Rwanda Rice Paddies.” Flickr. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

Coulson, Jez. “Boy in Smoke : Goma Border Area : Rwanda.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

Dupont, Ivan. “The road to Gitarama, Rwanda.” Flickr. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

Gosselin, Sophie. “and more rice.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

Havens, Esther. “Rwanda – Wishing Well Africa.” Flickr. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.

IGIHE Pictures. “IMG_1210.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

Jack Yakubu Photography. “IMG_1155.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

Kagame, Paul. “Launch Rwanda Seed and Silo Plants at the Special Economic Zone- Kigali, 23 August 2013.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Launch Rwanda Seed and Silo Plants at the Special Economic Zone- Kigali, 23 August 2013.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

Kamart8354. “Trend moves to Africa: The Genocide in Rwanda.” Flickr. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

King, Kresta. “Sister Bonne Annee’s Housemate.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

– – -. Woman covered in blood holding hands with a child. Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

Kumasawa, Darren. “Rwanda Panorama.” Flickr. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

“Ladies First ~ Handbook: Rwanda’s Challenges.” PBS. 22 July 2008. Web. 5 Apr. 2015.

Laura. “Agriculture.” Flickr. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

M, Samer. “Rwanda genocide survivor in Kigali.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

Mesquita, António. “Memorial II.” Flickr. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

Molony, Noel. “Light on rural Rwanda.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

Natlyrrem. “Half Asleep.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

Pavarotti, Emanuele. “Victims of the genocide.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

Purdy, Lucy. “A Vote of Confidence for African Women.” Positive News. 1 Nov. 2013. Web. 26 Mar. 2015.

Salvarsson, Gunnar. “Rwanda Woman.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

Smith, David Ross. “They smiled as we passed… (Rwanda).” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

Stark, Lindsay. “woman 5.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

Thayer School of Engineering. “Humanitarian Engineering.” Flickr. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

UNHCR UN Refugee Agency. “UNHCR News Story: As fighting reaches Goma, UNHCR asking states not to return refugees.” Flickr. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “UNHCR News Story: Continuing insecurity threatens civilians in North Kivu.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “UNHCR News Story: International Women’s Day: Raped girl’s education dreams go up in smoke.” Flickr. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “UNHCR News Story: New camp opens for Congolese refugees in Rwanda.” Flickr. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “UNHCR News Story: UNHCR scheme helps refugees in Rwanda rediscover the joy of shopping.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

Youngrobv. “Uganda Rwanda Border CIMG7666.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

Why did South Sudan become its own independent country, and what have been the consequences of its independence?

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Research Question: Why did South Sudan become its own independent country, and what have been the consequences of its independence?

Thesis: South Sudan wanted to become an independent country for a long time, but there have been obstacles and their have been many consequences of them gaining independence; the new government is struggling to build roads, and get hospitals and schools started, but 99% of the citizens of South Sudan wanted independence (from a vote).

Topic Sentence #1: South Sudan has wished for independence since they became free of british rule.

Topic Sentence #2: There have been many consequences for their freedom, and many researchers say they will get worse.

Topic Sentence #3:   Since South Sudan has gained independence, the new government has had a hard time controlling the country and things have gone bad.

Works Cited

“Aftermath of Attack on Abyei.” Flickr. United Nations Photo, Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

“Aftermath of Attack on Abyei Town.” Flickr. United Nations Photo, Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

“Rally at the United Nations.” Flickr. Martha Heinemann Bixby, Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

“School.” Flickr. SuSanA Secretariat, Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

“Soldiers patrol an oil field in Paloug, in South Sudan’s Upper Nile state.” Flickr. News Agency, Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

“South Sudan.” Flickr. Steve Evans, Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

“South Sudan Flag.” Flickr. Owen Fuller, Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

“South Sudan Independence Day.” Flickr. U.S. Department of State, Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

United Nations Photo. “UN Peacekeepers on Patrol in Abyei.” Flickr. Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

CNN. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.

Enough. Center for american progress, Web. 26 Mar. 2015.

The New York Times. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.

What is the root of the problem in Darfur?

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Research Question: What is the root of the problem in Darfur that has caused destruction to villages, and a Genocide to occur?

Thesis: The root of problem in Darfur, has been a rebel group called the Janjaweed who have threatened villagers in Darfur by burning and destroying villages. The best way to help the Darfur villagers is for the government to give them money, to help the villagers with children move to a safer place, to give them a shelter if their home is destroyed.

• Topic Sentence #1: In Darfur people identify themselves as “Blacks or Arabs” and the two groups have been in conflict with each other but they were sometimes friendly with each other.

• Topic Sentence #2: The rebel group the Janjaweed formed and has caused violence and destruction.
  
  
• Topic Sentence #3: The situation in Darfur has been called a Genocide.

Works Cited

Amir. “Darfur.” Flickr. 18 Nov. 2008. Web. 16 Apr. 2015. Becker, Irene.

“Farming.” Flickr. N11 May 2010. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

BollSupporter. “Darfur Shooting.” Flickr.  19 Feb. 2010. Web. 14 Apr. 2015. – – -.

“Darfur Shooting.” Flickr. 19 Feb. 2010. Web. 16 Apr. 2015. Carter, Andrew.

“Meet the Janjaweed.” Flickr. 13 Mar. 2008. Web. 16 Apr. 2015..

– – -. “Meet the Janjaweed.” Flickr.  13 Mar. 2008. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Meet the Janjaweed.” Flickr. , 13 Mar. 2008. Web. 14 Apr. 2015. <>.

“Conflicts in Sudan.” Enough Project. Center for American Progress, Web. 30 Mar. 2015.

Corey, Charles W. “U.S. Congress Terms Situation in Darfur ‘Genocide.’” 2004. Human and Civil Rights: Essential Primary Sources, 2007. Ed. Adrienne Wilmoth Lemer, Brenda Wilmoth Lemer, and K. Lee Lemer. Detroit: Gale, 2007. 127-30. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

Kagan, Michael. “Darfur.” International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Ed. William  A. Darity, Jr. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Detroit: Macmillian, 2008. 226-27. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.

Kempton. “A housing compound in Um Ziefa, South Darfur (Sudan, Africa) burns after an attack by the Janjaweed in December 2004.” Flickr. , 2 Mar. 2008. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Liberatore, Constanza. “Washington DC.” Flickr. , 3 Aug. 2012. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

On the decline. “Stop Genocide.” Flickr. , 30 Apr. 2006. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

Pharaohchin. “Gangaweed.” Flickr. , 31 Jan. 2008. Web. 16 Apr. 2015. Unamid.

“Feina (North Darfur).” Flickr.  18 Apr. 2009. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

 

How does Al-Shabaab’s control affect the lives of the people?

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Research Question: How does Al- Shabaab’s control affect the lives of the people?

Thesis: Al- Shabaab is a terrorist group feared by many, for their attacks on highly populated places, their forced religion on others, and their easily disposable child soldiers.

• Topic Sentence #1: Children are brave and resilient, but they are not made to be child soldiers.

• Topic Sentence #2: Al- Shabaab are attacking popular places with high amounts of Christians.

• Topic Sentence #3: Forcing their religion on others, Al- Shabaab will not stop until all of Somalia is of the Muslim religion.

Works Cited

“Al-Shabaab Logo.” Pixgood. Web.

“Boy Soldier.” Jamii Forums. Web.

“Child Soldiers in Somalia.” Puntuit. 23 Feb. 2012. Web.

“Gaallo.” Hebrews13Unchained. Web..

Hesse, Hermann. “Child Soldiers.” Motor Blogs. Web.

“Kenya University.” Flipboard. Web.

Levs, Josh, and Holly Yan. “147 Dead, Islamist Gunmen Killed after Attack at Kenya College.” CNN. 2 Apr. 2015. Web.

“Orange Wallpaper.” Wallpaper Kid. Web.

“Pope Benedict XVI Meets Muslim Religious Leaders at Baabda Presidential Palace near Beiru.” Reuters. 16 Sept. 2012. Web.

Sergie, Mohammed Aly. “Al-Shabab.” Ed. Jonathan Masters. cfr. 13 Mar. 2015. Web.

“70 Killed as Islamist Terrorists (Al-Shabaab) Target Christians at Kenyan University.” Africa Cradle. 2 Apr. 2015. Web.

Shoppers fall to the ground to avoid a volley of bullets during an attack by gunmen, inside the Westgate shopping mall in this still frame taken from video footage by security cameras inside the mall in Nairobi. First Post. 19 Oct. 2013. Web.

“Soldier Showing His Gun.” Cross. N.p., n.d. Web. <>.

Soldiers look over dead bodies. Fluxxia. 2 Dec. 2014. Web.

Soldier walks through the school. Africa Union. Web.

“Somalia.” Emol. Web.

“Somalia: The Retreat of Al Shabaab.” Political Geography Now. 9 Oct. 2012. Web.

“Traditional Somailia Wedding.” Bosaso Press. 12 Mar. 2012. Web.

“U.s.- Embassy.” Pakistan Today. Web.

“U.S. Embassy in Uganda Warns of Al Shabab Terror Cell.” Locker Dome. Web.

“US Strike in Somalia Kills Senior Al Shabaab Members.” France24. 28 Oct. 2013. Web.

“Who Are Somalia’s Al-Shabab?” BBC. 3 Apr. 2015. Web.

Woman Running with Children. 24???. Web.

Why did the French intervene in the war in Mali, and what has been the impact of the French involvement?

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Research Question: I began to wonder, Why did the French intervene in the war in Mali, and what has been the impact of the French involvement?

Thesis: I concluded that The French intervened in the Malayan Civil War because of security threats, the possibility of Mali becoming a terrorist state, and their historical obligation to intervene.

Topic Sentence #1: The conflict in northern Mali was caused by three major and many ethnic groups and religions: the rebellion of the Tuareg ethnic groups in northern , military overthrow of the elected president, and the Islamic want to take over Mali.

Topic Sentence #2: Seeing as the Malayan government was unable to handle the situation the French military intervened.

Topic Sentence #3: The French Intervention was one of the many attempts countries have made to help Mali, but it was by far the most effective.

Works Cited

B, Devon D. “The Crisis in Mali: A Historical Perspective on the Tuareg People.” Global Research. Global Research, 1 Feb. 2013. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.

Brenn, Moyan. “war.” Flickr. Flickr, 22 Jan. 2012. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

“Britons to train the Malian army in the second face.” Flickr. Flickr, 2 Feb. 2013. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

.com, Reporter. “Le premier ministre malien, Moussa Mara.” Flickr. Flickr, 19 July 2014. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

Fdecomite. “French Flag.” Flickr. Flickr, 17 Oct. 2010. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

Francis, David J. “The regional impact of the armed conflict and French intervention in Mali.” Peace Building. Peace Building, 8 Mar. 2008. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.

“Mali Country Profile.” BBC. BBC, 28 Jan. 2015. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.

“Mali; Population Density, 2,000.” Flickr. CDACmaps, 22 Sept. 2011. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Mayfield, Antony. “Freedom Is Peril.” Flickr. Flickr, 11 Apr. 2009. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

Upyernoz. “Niger Riverbank, Segal.” Flickr. Flickr, 12 Mar. 2012. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

Violette, Ash. “Tuareg guy.” Flickr. N.p., 23 Mar. 21013. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

How Did Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf Influence The People Of Liberia?

Research Question: How did Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf influence the people of Liberia?

Thesis: Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf influenced the people of Liberia with her leadership skills, accomplishments as a woman, and her down to earth attitude.

• Topic Sentence #1: Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf shows her true leadership skills by navigating Liberia through vigorious times.

• Topic Sentence #2: Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf inspires women across the world with her many accomplishments.

• Topic Sentence #3: Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf was a normal citizen who never imagined herself as being president which makes her very understanding.

Works Cited

Africa Progress Panel. “Addis Ababa Briefing.” Flickr. Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Addis Ababa Briefing.” Flickr. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Addis Ababa Briefing.” Flickr. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.

Carter, Ash. “150227-D-AF077-038.” Flickr. Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

Center for Global Development (CGD). “20110623_CGD_Sirleaf_1216.” Flickr. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Todd Moss and The Honorable Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.” Flickr. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.

Chatham House. “HE Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.” Flickr. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.

DVIDSHUB. “Liberia’s president visits AFL’s deploying troops.” Flickr. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

Federal, Senado. “Libéria.” Flickr. Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

Forbes, Moira. “Lessons in Courage from Africa’s First Female President.” Forbes, 21 Nov. 2013. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.

Fotos GOVBA. “Chefe de gabinete Fernando Schmidt recebe a Presidente da Libéria Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Chefe de gabinete Fernando Schmidt recebe a Presidente da Libéria Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Presidente Da Libéria Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf é Recebida.” Flickr. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Presidente da Libéria Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf é recebida.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Presidente da Libéria Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf é recebida.” Flickr. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Presidente da Libéria Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf é recebida.” Flickr. Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

US Army Africa. “USARAF transfers Operation United Assistance mission.” Flickr. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

What factors have contributed to the political problems in Somalia?

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Research Question: What factors have contributed to the political problems in Somalia?

Thesis: Somalia has been a failed state for so long because of warring clans, dictatorship, and recent famine, all of which has made it even harder for the country to establish a central government.

• Topic Sentence #1: Some Somali people have organized themselves in clans as a sort of safety net, but for the people not formed in clans, resources can be taken away very easily due to lack of power.
• Topic Sentence #2: Somalia has had a difficult time creating a central government, partially from the shock of a democracy turning into a dictatorship, turning into nothing.
• Topic Sentence #3: A recent famine in Somalia has been yet another obstacle this country has had to work around while on their search for stability.

Works Cited

Africa Time. “Somalia’s Reclusive Islamist Supremo: Ahmed Abdi Godane.” Africa Time. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Aljazeera. Al-Shabab’s leader Ahmed Abdi Godane was killed in US airstrikes on Tuesday [AP]. Aljazeera. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

BBC. “Displaced Somalis.” BBC. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

Before It’s News. “Before It’s News.” Before It’s News. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

Caddey, Xamar. “Waagii Hore Mogadishu.” Wikimedia Commons. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.

Conservapedia. “Somali.” Conservapedia. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Dalje. “Somalia Death Toll Nears 100 with Fresh Fighting.” Dalje. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

DFID – UK Department for International Development. “Extra food for every child under five.” Flickr. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Malnourished Children, Weakened by Hunger.” Flickr. Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “People queuing to access the transit camp in Dolo Ado.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

Expert Infantry. “U.S. Forces in Somalia – Department of Defense Joint Combat Camera Center DD-SD-00-00864.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “U.S. Forces in Somalia – Department of Defense Joint Combat Camera Center DD-SD-00-01027.” Flickr. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Feed My Starving Children. “FMSC Staff Trip 2011 – Group of People.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “FMSC Staff Trip 2011 – Housing.” Flickr. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “FMSC Staff Trip 2011 – Somali Drought.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “FMSC Staff Trip 2011 – Somali Home.” Flickr. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “FMSC Staff Trip 2011 – Somali Woman.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

Gettleman, Jeffrey. “Members of the Wacaysle Clan, Part of the Much Larger Hawiye Clan, Met Recently in Mogadishu, Somalia.” Nytimes. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Here & Now. “A woman from southern Somalia holds tree branches for her makeshift shelter at a refugee camp in Mogadishu, Somalia. (AP).” Here & Now. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

IIP Digital. “U.S. Supports Somalia’s Transition to Democracy.” IIP Digital. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

International Business Times. “International Business TimesSomalia may have avoided a serious humanitarian crisis.” International Business Times. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

Lipstick Alley. “Old Palace in Mogadishu.” Lipstick Alley. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

Miro. “Mohamed Siad Barre. Il Craxi Somalo.” ilFondo Magazine Di Miro Renzaglia. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Montgomery, Carl. “Left over from the War.” Flickr. Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

Oxfam East Africa. “Isak, 50 – ‘We need support to regain our dignity.’” Flickr. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Pavliga, John Martinez. “Somalia 1992.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

“Poverty & Famine in Somalia the Root Causes.” Poverty and Famine. Mar. 2013. Web. 26 Mar. 2015.

Ranplett. “Somali Nomadic Hut.” Getty Images. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Young Somali Girl in a Nomadic Hut.” Getty Images. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

Rjones0856. “86th Evacuation Hospital.” Flickr. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Roth, Jennifer. “Somalia a Country in Turmoil.” mtholyoke. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.

SEDACMaps. “Djibouti: Population Density, 2000.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Ethiopia: Urban Extents.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Ethiopia: Urban Extents.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Somalia: Population Density, 2000.” Flickr. Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Somalia: Settlement Points.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

Sodexo USA. “IMG_0381_JPG.” Flickr. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “IMG_0465_JPG.” Flickr. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “IMG_0682_JPG.” Flickr. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

“Somalia Famine ‘Killed 260,000 People.’” BBC. CPS, 2 May 2013. Web. 2 Apr. 2015.

Tate, C. Neal. “Somalia.” Governments of the World: A Global Guide to Citizens’ Rights and Responsibilities. Ed. Tate. Vol. 4. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 111-13. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.

Trocaire. “Gigo and 1 Year Old Mohamed.” Flickr. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

“Történelem Mindenkinek.” Történelem Mindenkinek. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

UNHCR. “A Group of Internally Displaced People outside Their Rude Shelters in an Area West of Mogadishu.” UNHCR. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

US Army Africa. “Burundi Peacekeepers Prepare for Next Rotation to Somalia, Bjumbura, Burundi 012210.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Burundi Peacekeepers Prepare for Next Rotation to Somalia, Bjumbura, Burundi 012210.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

U.S. Department of State. “Horn of Africa: Map.” U.S. Department of State. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

War News Updates. War News Update. War News Updates. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Wikipedia. “Bantu Farmers near Kismayo in November 1993.” Wikipedia. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Oxfam distributing clean water to a drought-stricken area in southern Ethiopia.” Wikipedia. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

YoTuT. “Somaliland.” Flickr. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Boko Haram Has Had A Negative Affect On Nigerians

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Research Question: Boko Haram has had a negative affect on Nigerians

Thesis: Boko Haram has negatively affected Nigerians because of the groups extreme beliefs, their gruesome tactics, and the severe consequences Nigerians have had to face.

• Topic Sentence #1:  Boko Haram is a terrorist group with extreme beliefs, ruthless leaders enforcing this, and militants trying to convert Nigeria into an Islamic State.

• Topic Sentence #2: Boko Haram has developed many gruesome tactics mainly being, burning villages and destroying home, kidnapping family, and Killing family

• Topic Sentence #3: Nigerians have had to face consequences because of Boko Haram including the government struggling with defeat, civilians fleeing to refugee camps, and mass killings.

Works Cited

“Abubakar Shekau Wanted.” BBC, 9 May 2014. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

AFP. “Map of Nigeria locating recent attacks by Boko Haram, worst affected areas.” Citzen.co.za.. Web. 8 Apr. 2015. .

11. “Bloody Toll: Boko Haram Behind Deadliest Killing Spree Since 9/11.” NBC. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Children displaced by Boko Haram attacks line up at a camp of internal displaced people in Yola, Nigeria in November.” NY Post.  Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

Barrabi, Thomas. “Boko Haram Militants Behead 23.” International Business Times., 25 Mar. 2015. Web. 1 Apr. 2015. .

“Boko Haram Attack.” KR Magazine.. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

“Boko Haram kills, ‘beheads with chainsaws’ 40 people to derail Nigeria elections.” RT. 28 Mar. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.

“Boko Haram suicide bomber hits Niger.” Naija News & Events. 9 Feb. 2015. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

“Can a Hashtag Really Bring Back our Girls?” Gaines Ville Sene, 4 May 2014. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

“Childern Waving.” RMF. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

Chothia, Farouk. “Who are Nigeria’s Boko Haram Islamists?” BBC. 15 Jan. 2015. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.

Emmanuel Braun/Reuters. “Soldiers from Niger hold up a Boko Haram flag that they seized in the town of Damasak, Nigeria.” IB Times. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

“End Terrorism Now.”  Sky News.. Web. 19 Dec. 2014

Khaerr, Tan. “Flag used by at least five Islamist groups:.” Wikipedia. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

“Nigeria Denies Boko Haram Seized 500 Children.” BBC. 12 Mar. 2015. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.

“Nigerian Soldiers.” Wikimedia Commons.. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

“Nigeria’s Boko Haram Leader Abubakar Shekau in Profile.” BBC. , 9 May 2014. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.

Nossiter, Adam. “Mercenaries Join Nigeria’s Military Campaign against Boko Haram.” New York Times., 12 Mar. 2015. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.

“2015 UNHCR subregional operations profile – West Africa.” The UN refugee Agency.  2015. Web. 1 Apr. 2015. Un Watch. “Rare: UN to hold special session on crimes of Islamist terror group.” UN Watch., 27 Mar. 2015. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

Wilson, Nigel. “Nigeria Boko Haram: ‘2,000 feared killed’ after Baga attacked for second time in days.” IB Times. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

Zenn, Jacob. “A BIOGRAPHY OF BOKO HARAM AND THE BAY`A TO AL-BAGHDADI.” Combating Terrorism Center. , 19 Mar. 2015. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.

How have Blood Diamonds affected people in Africa?

Research Question: How have Blood Diamonds affected people in Africa?

Thesis: I found out that many Rebel and Terrorist groups in Central and Western Africa use slaves to mine for blood diamonds illegally, and that Sierra Leone is still recovering from a ten-year Conflict caused by blood diamonds.

• Topic Sentence #1: Terrorist and rebel groups force slaves to mine for blood diamonds using primitive tools, and in Zimbabwe Security agencies were caught beating and even killing miners if they didn’t work.

• Topic Sentence #2: These groups use resources known as Conflict minerals to purchase weapons and other supplies, these minerals include not only blood diamonds but many of the materials used in smart phones.

• Topic Sentence #3: Many people in Sierra Leone go without running water and electricity and  are have no options except to work as miners, where they only make twenty-five cents a day.

Works Cited

Africa, Us Army. “Djiboutian Army Quick Reaction Regiment Trains at Ali Oune, Djibouti, February 2011.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

Armstrong, Paul. “How Diamonds Fuel Africa’s Conflicts.” CNN. Turner Broadcasting System, 16 May 2012. Web. 5 Apr. 2015.

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