Why are Somali weddings so complex?

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Research Question:  Why are Somali weddings so complex?

Thesis:  Despite the fact somali people had to leave their country, they still managed to keep their culture alive by having phenomenal and complex weddings, special dances to express themselves,  and eat the same delicious food.

• Topic Sentence #1:  One major part of of Somali culture are  the dances, because they are so complex and show people how proud Somalia is

• Topic Sentence #2: Somali food includes elaborate meals at lunch, special meals during Ramadan, but not many desserts.

• Topic Sentence #3:  In Somalia weddings are a very big deal, and even though the parents decide who marries their children the night of the wedding is always a happy night

Works Cited

AlexKamweru. “The other side of the camp.” Flickr. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

“Apricot Sabayah | Flickr.” Flickr. teacherinsaudi, Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

AU/UN_IST. “Villa Somalia 011.” Flickr. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

Dahir, Yusuf. “Beautiful Berbera Beach, Somaliland.” Flickr. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Somaliland Capital Hargeisa.” Flickr. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

Edkohler. “Sambusas at 1st Cup Cafe | The Deets.” Flickr. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

Ember, Carol R., ed. “Countries and Their Cultures.” Gale Virtual Reference Library. 25 Mar. 2015. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.

“Hena.” Flickr. Chu?, Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

“Iskudheh Karis.” Flickr. mysomalifood,  Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

Jamaa, Abdullahi. “Keeping Traditions at Bay.” Onislam. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Modern Somali Weddings Keeping Traditions at Bay.” onIslam. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

– – -. “Women dance at a modern Somali wedding.” OnIslam. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

Kabayare Fashion. “CHIC ROYAL BLUE GEORGETTE DIRAC.” Kabayare Fashion, Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

Lafforgue, Eric. “Hargeisa girls smiles – Somaliland.” Flickr. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

Mitchell, Peter, ed. East Africa. New York: Chelsea, 2006. Print. Peoples And Cultures Of Africa.

Somalia, Culture, Traditions, People and their Heritage. Education Trust, Web. 30 Mar. 2015.

“Somali Dress.” imgarcade. Somali Dresses, n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

UNICEF Ethiopia. “Somali Refugees in Dolo Ado, Ethiopia.” Flickr.  Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

How did king Shaka transform the Zulu into a dominate fighting power?

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Research Question: How did King Shaka transform the Zulu into a dominant fighting power?

Thesis: King Shaka used harsh training, immense power and shrewdness to replace their traditional culture with a belief that made bravery and courage essential to their survival.

• Topic Sentence #1: King Shaka went to great heights in order to ensure that his warriors would be brave and dedicated fighters in the battlefield.

• Topic Sentence #2: The training Shaka enforced on his men became something they took for granted

• Topic Sentence #3: Though most of the Zulu culture was washed away by blood and courage, the aggressive tribe still had religious beliefs and showed great interest in music and arts.

Works Cited

Benjamin, Thomas, ed. Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450. 7th ed. Vol. 3. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 26 Mar. 2015.

Kimberly, Ball. “Chaka.” World Literature and Its Times: Profiles of Notable Literary Works and the Historical Events That Influenced Them. Ed. Joyce Moss and Lorraine Velestuk. 7th ed. Vol. 2. Detroit: African Literature and Its Times, 2000. 35-45. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 26 Mar. 2015.

Ngwane, Zolani. The Heritage Library Of African Peoples. 1rst ed. New York: Rosen Group, 1997. Print. The Heritage Library Of African Peoples.

“Zulu.” Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life. Ed. Timothy  L. Gall and Geneen           Hobby. 7th ed. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gall, 2009. 612-17. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 1 Apr. 2015.

How did music become important to Africa?

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Research Question: How did music become important to Africa?

Thesis: Music has become important to Africa because it is a significant part of religion, it is used in different and important ways, and music helped African slaves to work and that caused some well-known music styles.

Topic Sentence #1: Music is a crucial part of religion because god appreciates it, there are sacred performances, and artists present themselves in music based on a god.

Topic Sentence #2: Music is used to entertain and worship people at funerals, it is also used as a medicine, and music is tied to storytelling.

Topic Sentence #3: Music patterns and songs helped African slaves work efficiently together, some of those songs led to well-known music patterns, but the slaves still practiced cultural celebrations.

Works Cited

Information

Bingham, Jane. African Art & Culture. Chicago: Raintree, 2004. Print.

Ellingson, Ter. “Music: Music and Religion.” Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Lindsay Jones. 2nd ed. Vol. 9. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. 6248-356. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 26 Mar. 2015.

Gaffney, Nicholas. “West African Influences.” Gale Library of Daily Life. 7th ed. Vol. 1. 2008. 207-09. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 29 Mar. 2015.

Miller, Karl Hagstrom. “Music: African American.” New American Nation. 7th ed. Vol. 2. Detroit: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2006. 404-06. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.

“Music and Song.” An Encyclopedia  Students. Ed. John Middleton. 7th ed. Vol. 3. N.p.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2002. 106-11. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 2 Apr. 2015.

Nkitia, Kwabena. “Music: Music and Religion in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Lindsay Jones. 2nd ed. Vol. 9. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. 6256-60. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 2 Apr. 2015.

Pictures

JASSMAN. “The Classic Jazz Masters.” CD Review. 26 Feb. 2015. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.

Slog, Purple. “Question Mark.” Flickr. 13 Aug. 2007. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

Ttarasiuk. “SDC10396.” Flickr. 5 Sept. 2009. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

Catface27. “Strung along.” Flickr. 20 Aug. 2014. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.

Rounindx. “African Music.” Deviant Art. Web. 14 Apr. 2015. Sarfo, Amma. “Africa

Rising: African albums to watch out for in 2013.” Global Fusion. 22 Jan. 2013. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Music

Fiechter, Derek. Cool African Music- African Safari. Youtube.17 Jan. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

How is the Dogon culture being preserved today?

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Research Question: How is the Dogon culture being preserved today?

Thesis: It is complicated for Dogons to live life the way they used to with invasion of different religions, abandonment of tradition although some people are trying to preserve cultural traditions.

• Topic Sentence #1: Different religions have influenced the Dogon culture.

• Topic Sentence #2: Some of the Dogons traditions have become abandoned over the years.
  
  

• Topic Sentence #3: Dogons are trying to preserve some cultural traditions.

Works Cited

Azuonye, Chukwuma, Ph.D. Dogon. NY: Rosen Group, 1996. Print. The Heritage Library of African People.

Begnimatou, Upyernoz. “Dogon Cliffs.” Flickr. Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

Garcia, Juan Manuel. “Time to Dance.” Flickr. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Jurgen. “Cute Kids.” Flickr Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Labrador, Emilio. “Grain Silos, Dogon Village.” Flickr. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Munneke, Martijn. “Dogon.” Flickr. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Upyernoz. “Dogon Men.” Flickr. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Can soccer create peace, education, and healthcare for the kids?

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Research Question: Can soccer create peace, education, and healthcare for the kids?

Thesis: Soccer helps kids in Africa by promoting peace, teaching them about healthcare, and giving access to academic education.

• Topic Sentence #1: Soccer is a wonderful sport, and for the kids, just going to a field with a ball creates peace.

• Topic Sentence #2: Many people in Africa suffer from HIV/AIDS and along with playing soccer, the organizations provide awareness to stop HIV/AIDS.

• Topic Sentence #3: Everywhere in Africa, there are kids who can not go to school, but the organizations provide academics for those kids

Works Cited

“AfircanHoldingBall.” Icecream Journal. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

“Barefoot Football.” Flickr. Nigel Durrant, Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

“CanSoccerSaveTheWorld.” Can Soccer Save The World. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.4

“Education.” WordPress. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

“GrassrootSoccer.” Grassroot Soccer. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.

“KidsPlayingSoccer.” Boston. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

“RightToPlay.” Right To Play. Web. 26 Mar. 2015.

“SouthAfricaBall.” Dreamstime. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

“Southafricapeace.” Good50x70. Vincenzo Cianciullo, Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

“StreetSoccer|SportingChance.” Sporting Chance. Web. 31 Mar. 2015.

“African ABC.” Blogscfr. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

“BarefootSoccer.” Theplf. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

“OutsideSchool.” Diplo. Web. 16 Apr. 2015.

How is African clothing and adornment incorporated into special occasions and ceremonies?

Research Question: How is African clothing and adornment incorporated into special occasions and ceremonies?

Thesis: African clothing and adornment are incorporated into special occasions and ceremonies through (1) traditional fabric, (2) significant jewelry and (3) carefully constructed masks.

• Topic Sentence #1: Even though western-style clothing is mostly worn in Africa, traditional styles, either simple or colorful, are still worn today for occasions or as an everyday choice.

• Topic Sentence #2: Jewelry and beads have significance in African culture because you can tell a lot about a person based on the jewelry that adorns them.

• Topic Sentence #3: The mask serves as an important piece of African occasions that has carried on into today’s cultural traditions and ceremonies.

Works Cited

African Traditional Music. By Traditional Music Channel. YouTube. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

Aokcreation. “cotton.” Flickr. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.

Bingham, Jane. African Art & Culture. Chicago: Raintree, 2004. Print.

GeorgiaGwinnettCollege. “Taste of Africa 12:13_020.” Flickr. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

Golding, Vivien. Traditions from Africa. Austin: Steck-Vaughn Company, 1999. Print.

Lafforgue, Eric. “Bashada Tribe Woman, Dimeka, Omo Valley, Ethiopia.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

“Mende Society women in Sierra Leone.” Google. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

Pappone, Anthony. “mother with the son of the eissa somali tribe in Afar region.” Flickr. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

“Traditional dogon mask, pays dogon, tireli, mali.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

What Makes A Griot Important in a Village?

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Research Question:  What makes a Griot important in a village?

Thesis:  In a village a Griot is known for being wise and knowledgeable, and each individual story they tell has an important message or moral, that teaches lessons about life while still being entertaining.

• Topic Sentence #1  Griots tell the stories and legends to their village that have been passed down and repeated over generations,  and this makes them highly regarded and important in village life.
  
  
• Topic Sentence #2:  Griot have many  meaningful story that has been passed down from generations to generations, and this story, for example, has been told to so many people maybe you will recognize it.
• Topic Sentence #3:  In this present day, Griots still share their stories to the villages, but also to people around the world willing to listen.

 Works Cited

Andy_Hartley. Barbary Macaque Monkey Having a little snack – Trentham Monkey Forest, Staffordshire. Flickr. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

Bennet, Martin. West African Trickster Tales. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1994. Print.

The Casas-Rodríguez Postcard Collection. An Elegant Portrait: A Senegalese Chief with his “Griot” (c.1904). Flickr. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

Christof. “Griot.” Flickr. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

Ducksters. Web. 26 Mar. 2015.

Florio, Helen Jones. Bunja Conteh – Kora Player and Griot, The Gambia, West AfricaMG_4961. Flickr. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

Fotografia, Pedro Jesus. “Book.” Flickr.. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

Harneis, Julien. “Listen!” Flickr. Web. 8 Apr. 2015. .

Herald. “Leaping monkey”Flickr. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

Mann, Kenny. African Kingdoms of the past. NJ: Dillion, 1996. Print.

Pappone, Anthony. Gathering of Griots. Flickr. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

Playing for Change Fondation. “3 Kids.” Flickr. Web. 7 Apr. 2015.Shelley, Lynnette.

“The Watering Hole.” Flickr. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

Tjernström, Emilia. “Fanta Griot.” Flickr. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

Word of mouth.Web. 2 Apr. 2015

What influences people to poach?

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Research Question: What influences people to poach?

Thesis:  Even though poaching is illegal, poachers continue killing animals because (1) the demand for animal products is high,(2) the population in Africa is growing and moving into animal habitats, (3) and the lack of economic opportunities leads to illegal jobs.

Topic Sentence #1: Animal product such as ivory and hides are in constant demand.

Topic Sentence #2: Africa’s population is growing, and people are moving into animal’s habitats.

Topic Sentence #3: The lack of economic opportunities leads to last resort jobs.

Works Cited

“20080610_africa_04639.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

African Wildlife Foundation. African Wildlife Foundation. Web. 26 Mar. 2015.

Buchner, Dave. “Hunter Dave Buchner.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

Delaney, Sara. “African farmers.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

“Elephant.” Flickr. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Giraffe. African Wildlife Foundation. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.

“Giraffe.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

“Giraffe Rug.” Flickr. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

“Ivory.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

Ketzel, Randee M. “ivory bracelet-3.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

“Ivory hair/shawl pins.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

“Lion.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

“Lord of the Savanna.” Flickr.Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

“Map of Africa.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

“Mountain gorillas.” Flickr.  Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

Poaching Crisis in South Africa. Save the Rhino, 2015. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.

Poling, Miriam. “Rhinos at Sunset.” Flickr. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.

“Rhinoceros.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

“Rhino crossing.” Flickr. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

“Sunset in Amboseli National Park, Kenya.” Flickr. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

“World Rhino Day – 22 September 2013.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

“Zebra.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.

“zebra rug.” Flickr. Web. 13 Apr. 2015.)

How does drought affect the culture and everyday lives of people?

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Research Question:  How does drought affect the culture and everyday lives of people?

Thesis: Drought is devastating to communities in East Africa because of the loss of food and water, the disturbance to tradition, and the lack of solutions.

• Topic Sentence #1:Drought has affected many traditions in families because of the lack of money, loss of water, and the loss of food.

• Topic Sentence #2: The loss of food and water has been increasing because drought has been coming more often, communities are suffering, and cities have  become overcrowded.

• Topic Sentence #3: Communities have been doing many things to stop drought like preserving water, using less water and even creating simulations.

Works Cited

Bank, Canadian Foodgrain. “ADRA is supporting clean water projects in the area.” Flicker. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.

BBC News. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.

DFID. “Crafting an income in the face of adversity.” Flicker. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

“Digging for drinking water in a dry riverbed.” Flicker. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

Food force. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.

Global post. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.

Pedro. “By @anezkko ‘Drought has again hit parts of East Africa.” Flicker. Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

Photography, Retlaw Snellac. “tribes of kenia.” Flicker. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Retlaw. “kenia-tanzania – tribes and wildlife.” Flicker.  Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

Sodexu USA. “MG_0458_JPG.” Flicker. Web. 8 Apr. 2015.

springer link.  Web. 2 Apr. 2015.

UNHCR. “UNHCR News Story: Conflict and drought force more than 50,000 Somalis to flee to Kenya this year.” Flicker.  Web. 15 Apr. 2015.

“UNHCR News Story: UNHCR addresses ‘alarming’ level of child mortality in Ethiopian camp.” Flicker. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.

How does pastoralism affect Fulani culture?

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Research Question: How does pastoralism affect Fulani culture?

Thesis: Pastoralism influences Fulani culture by creating wealth; in other words, it provides jobs, nourishment,  and a solid structure for their lives.

• Topic Sentence #1: Every member of the Fulani society have jobs; in fact, each job provides helpful resources in the future.

• Topic Sentence #2: The diet of the Fulani people is varied, and often comes from agricultural sources.

• Topic Sentence #3: Semi-nomadism and transhumance play a great role in Fulani culture; in fact, settled and pastoral Fulani have much differences; although, they have similarities in their cultural practices. 
  

Works Cited

Buy your produce from local farmers markets to support the farming industry rather than mainstream supermarkets. tumblr. Lestrangeland Web. 7 May 2015.

Corn plant. Plant and Soil Sciences eLibrary, Web. 7 May 2015.

Courtesy of Heifer International. Jennifer Wheary, 13 May 2013. Web. 6 May 2015.

Embalagens para alimentos in natura. Admin, 14 May 2014. Web. 6 May 2015.

Fix is In | Longhorns on Craigslist. WordPress. Jen @ Montreal Digs in Daily Finds, Aug. 2012. Web. 7 May 2015.

“Fulani Areas.” Confulence.org. Hélène Attali, 10 Apr. 2015. Web. 7 May 2015.

Vegetables  © 2015 Blue Phoenix Acupuncture, Web. 7 May 2015.

In africa on my back. pixshark. anonymous, Web. 7 May 2015.

Everyday Life of Hausa Fulani Herdsmen. Emmanuel Osodi, 1 Feb. 2015. Web. 6 May 2015.

Masai family with livestock, Masai Mara, Kenya. Frans Lanting Stock. Frans Lanting / Frans Lanting Stock, Web. 7 May 2015.

“Millet Meal.”. © 2011 Sharizat Yagan, 18 Jan. 2011. Web. 7 May 2015.

Monitor photographers in Africa. The potential of local conflict resolution in Darfur. Sultan Barakat, 21 May 2014. Web. 6 May 2015.

New Sorghum. anonymous, Web. 7 May 2015.

Official Fulani. PDP. singspin, 19 Jan. 2015. Web. 6 May 2015.

“OGBONO SOUP.” Whats4eats.com | Brad Harvey |,Web. 7 May 2015.

Porridge. Google Imager, 6 May 2015. Web. 6 May 2015.

“Sorghum production.” business daily africa. ALLAN ODHIAMBO, 4 Apr. 2015. Web. 7 May 2015.

Study identifies protection against African sleeping sickness. University of Liverpool, 2 June 2011. Web. 6 May 2015.

Tumblr Milk. Tumblr. theweekmagazine, 19 July 2014. Web. 6 May 2015.

Wealth. Tumblr. Whothatiskaeseal, Web. 6 May 2015.

We can change the world! African Educare Mission Group, Web. 7 May 2015.

“A Wild Country Grows in South Sudan.”  Patrick Symmes, 9 Apr. 2013. Web. 6 May 2015.

Www.meatforthefuture.com ( web documentary on fulani pastoral farmers).  Youtube. Nonye Odiri, 21 Oct. 2013. Web. 7 May 2015.

Works Cited Entry #3 (with embedded hyperlinks)